Edict

Edict is a publicly available Japanese<->English dictionary file (really more of a word list) maintained by Jim Breen (j.breen@csse.monash.edu.au) and is available at ftp.cc.monash.edu.au. It is a text file consisting of ASCII and EUC text. Each line is of the form

   JAPANESE [READING] /English/English..../
or
   JAPANESE /English/English..../

The second form is used when the Japanese has no kanji. The READING is the kanji's reading in kana.

English

The English will often have tags indicating grammatical components, or other such information. For example, consider the entries

The vt indicates that the first entry is a transitive verb, while the second's vi is an intransitive verb.

There are a variety of such tags:

abbr
an abbreviation
adj
an adjective (keiyoushi)
adj-na
adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyoudoushi) Becomes an adjective when na appended.
adj-no
nouns which may take the genitive case particle no
adj-pn
pre-noun adjectival (rentaishi)
adj-s
special adjective (e.g. (ookii)
adj-t
"taru" adjective
adv
an adverb (fukushi)
adv-n
adverbial noun
adv-to
adverb taking the `to' particle
arch
archaism
ateji
ateji (phonetic) reading
aux
auxiliary
aux-v
auxiliary verb
aux-adj
auxiliary adjective
Buddh
Buddhist term
chn
children's language
col
colloquialism
comp
computer terminology
conj
conjunction
derog
derogatory
ek
exclusively kanji
exp
Expressions (phrases, clauses, etc.)
fam
familiar language
fem
female term or language
food
food term
geom
geometry term
gikun
gikun (meaning) reading
gram
grammatical
hon
honorific or respectful language (sonkeigo) language
hum
humble (kenjougo) language
id
idiomatic expression (kan'yougoku)
int
interjection (kandoushi)
iK
word containing irregular kanji usage
ik
word containing irregular kana usage
io
irregular okurigana usage
iv
irregular verb
kyb
Kyoto-ben
ksb
Kansai-ben
ktb
Kantou-ben
ling
linguistics terminology
MA
martial arts term
male
male term or language
male
male slang
math
mathematics
mil
military
m-sl
manga slang
n
noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
n-adv
adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi)
n-pref
noun, used as a prefix
n-suf
noun, used as a suffix
n-t
noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)
neg
negative (in a negative sentence, or with negative verb)
neg-v
negative verb (when used with)
ng
neuter gender
obs
obsolete term
obsc
obscure term
oK
word containing out-dated kanji
ok
out-dated or obsolete kana usage
osk
Osaka-ben
physics
physics terminology
pol
polite (teineigo)
pref
prefix
prt
particle
qv
quod vide (see another entry)
rare
rare
sl
slang
suf
suffix
tsb
Tosa-ben
uK
word usually written using kanji alone
uk
word usually written using kana alone
v1
Ichidan verb
v5
(godan) verb (not completely classified)
v5aru
(godan) verb - -aru special class
v5b
(godan) verb with `bu' ending
v5g
(godan) verb with `gu' ending
v5k
(godan) verb with `ku' ending
v5k-s
(godan) verb - iku/yuku special class
v5m
(godan) verb with `mu' ending
v5n
(godan) verb with `nu' ending
v5r
(godan) verb with `ru' ending
v5r-i
(godan) verb with `ru' ending (irregular verb)
v5s
(godan) verb with `su' ending
v5t
(godan) verb with `tsu' ending
v5u
(godan) verb with `u' ending
v5u-s
(godan) verb with `u' ending (special class)
v5uru
(godan) verb - uru old class verb (old form of Eru)
vi
intransitive verb (jidoushi)
vk
Kuru verb - special class
vs
noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru
vs-i
suru verb - irregular
vs-s
suru verb - special class
vt
transitive verb (tadoushi)
vulg
vulgar expression or word
vz
transitive verb
X
rude or vulgar term

In addition, there are also (P) entries denoting the most commonly-used words in Japanese, as, "identified by examining several small dictionaries, and lists of common gairaigo from Japanese newspapers," to quote Jim Breen.

For complete information, see edict's 23 k-byte documentation file.

Enamdict

Enamdict is the same type of file as edict above, except that it is dedicated to people, place and other names.

Here are the special tags used within enamdict:

s
surname
p
place name
u
person name, either given or surname, as-yet unclassified
g
given name, as-yet not classified by sex
f
female given name
m
male given name
h
full (family plus given) name of a particular person
pr
product name
co
company name
st
stations

For complete information, see enamdict's 15 k-byte documentation file.

Kanjidic

Kanjidic is a database of information about kanji, also developed and maintained by Jim Breen (j.breen@csse.monash.edu.au). It contains information about the over 6300 characters in the JIS X 0208 standard.

Included are

character information
- radical (bushu) number (standard and where applicable, classical)
- frequency-of-use (in modern Japanese writing) ranking (based on an analysis of news articles in Mainichi Shimbun over a four-year period)
- markings for jyouyou (with grade level) or jinmeiyou characters
- Wan Chen's Four Corner code.
- the character's SKIP pattern (from Halpern).
- the Mandarin Chinese reading(s) (Pinyin)
- the stroke count
- the character's readings
- general English meanings
- Korean reading(s)
- Cross references into JIS X 0208 and JIS X 0212
- Mis-classification code
indexes into other published works
- Jack Halpern's New Japanese-English Character Dictionary (See it at Amazon.com)
- Andrew Nelson's Modern Reader's Japanese-English Character Dictionary (See it at Amazon.com)
- Andrew Nelson's The New Nelson Japanese-English Character Dictionary, edited by John Haig (See it at Amazon.com)
- Mark Spahn and Wolfgang Hadamitzky's Japanese Character Dictionary - With Compound Lookup via Any Kanji (See it at Amazon.com)
- Mark Spahn and Wolfgang Hadamitzky's Kanji & Kana: A Handbook of the Japanese Writing System (See it at Amazon.com)
- the 13-volume Morohashi Daikanwajiten
- Kenneth Henshall's A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (See it at Amazon.com)
- Kenneth Henshall's A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (See it at Amazon.com)
- Gakken's A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage (See it at Amazon.com)
- James Heisig's Remembering The Kanji (See it at Amazon.com)
- P.G. O'Neill's Japanese Names (See it at Amazon.com)
- Kodansha's Japanese For Busy People (See it at Amazon.com)
- Dale Crowley's The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (See it at Amazon.com)
- Kodansha's Compact Kanji Guide (See it at Amazon.com)
- Nishiguchi and Kono's Kanji in Context
- P.G. O'Neill's Essential Kanji (See it at Amazon.com)
- Father Joseph De Roo's 2001 Kanji (See it at Amazon.com)
- Florence Sakade's A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (See it at Amazon.com)
- Tuttle's Kanji Cards (See it at Amazon.com)
encoding information
- JIS (from which EUC, JIS, Shift-JIS, and kuten can be derived)
- UNICODE

Kanjidic contains work donated by many people, and some of its contents are copyrighted. Check out kanjidic's 55 k-byte documentation file for complete info.

Kanjd212

Kanjd212 is a database of information about Kanji in the JIS X 0212-1990 supplementary character set. It was developed to complement Kanjidic and is also maintained by Jim Breen (j.breen@csse.monash.edu.au). It contains information about over 5800 characters in that standard. See kanjd212's 10 k-byte documentation file for more info.

Included are almost the same number of fields as in Kanjidic, but due to a dearth of information, not as many as one would like.

Both kanji dictionaries are available at ftp.cc.monash.edu.au or at any good Nihongo mirror near you.

Comments appreciated

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